Electric motors – troubleshooting and repair
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and the electric current in a coil of wire to produce a force in the form of torque applied to the motor shaft. Electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources such as batteries or rectifiers or by alternating current (AC) sources such as power grids, inverters or electric generators. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but works with reverse energy flow and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Electric motors can be classified according to various aspects, such as: B. Power source type, internal construction, application and type of motion output. In addition to AC and DC types, motors can be brushless or brushed, can have different numbers of phases (see single-phase, two-phase or three-phase), and can be either air-cooled or liquid-cooled. Universal motors with standard dimensions and characteristics provide practical mechanical driving power for industrial use. The largest electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped storage applications with outputs of up to 100 megawatts. Electric motors can be found in industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools and drives. Small motors can be found in electric clocks. Conversely, in certain applications, such as regenerative braking with traction motors, electric motors can be used as generators to recover energy that would otherwise be lost as heat and friction.
Electric motors produce linear or rotary force (torque) designed to drive an external mechanism such as a fan or elevator. An electric motor is basically designed for continuous rotation or linear movement over a significant distance compared to its size. Magnetic solenoids are also transducers that convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, but can only produce motion over a limited distance.
Electric motors are much more efficient than the other power unit used in industry and transport, the internal combustion engine (ICE); Electric motors typically have an efficiency of over 95%, while internal combustion engines are well below 50%. They are also lighter, physically smaller, mechanically simpler and cheaper to manufacture, can deliver instant and consistent torque at any speed, can run on electricity from renewable sources, and emit no carbon into the atmosphere. For these reasons, electric motors are replacing the internal combustion engine in transport and industry, although their use in vehicles is currently limited by the high cost and weight of batteries that can provide sufficient range between charges.
Further information about electric motors:
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Buy books
Electric Motors and Drives: Fundamentals, Types and Applications
Best-selling reference book on electric motors and drives for non-specialists that closes the gap between mathematics and theory.
Mechanical Design of Electric Motors
The rapid increase in energy consumption and emphasis on environmental protection have posed challenges to the motor industry, as has the design and manufacture of highly efficient, reliable, cost-effective, energy-saving, quiet, precisely controlled and long-lasting electric motors.
The book “Mechanical Design of Electric Motors
Mechanical Design of Electric Motors
The importance of electric motors is known in various engineering fields. The book provides comprehensive coverage of various types of electric motors including DC motors, three-phase and single-phase asynchronous motors, synchronous motors, general purpose motors, AC servo motors, linear induction motors and stepper motors. The book covers all details of DC motors including torque equation, back EMF, characteristics, types of starters, speed control methods and applications.
The book also covers various testing methods of DC motors such as Swinburne's test, brake test, deceleration test, field test and Hopkinson's test. The book further explains three-phase asynchronous motors in detail. It covers generation of rotating magnetic field, construction, operation, effects of slip, torque equation, torque ratios, torque-slip characteristics, losses, power flow, equivalent circuit, effects of harmonics on performance, pie chart and applications. This chapter also covers the discussion of the induction generator. The book teaches various starting methods and speed control procedures for three-phase asynchronous motors. The book deals with explaining various single-phase asynchronous motors. The chapter on synchronous motors provides a detailed discussion of construction, operating principle, behavior under load, analysis of phasor diagrams, V and inverted V curves, oscillations, synchronous machines as compensators and applications. The book also teaches various special machines such as single phase commutator motors, general purpose motors, AC servo motors, linear induction motors and stepper motors. The book uses clear, understandable language to explain each topic. The book provides the logical method to explain various complicated topics and step-by-step procedures to facilitate understanding. Each chapter is supported by required illustrations, self-explanatory diagrams and a variety of solved tasks. The book explains the philosophy of the topic, which makes the understanding of the concepts very clear and makes the topic more interesting.
Motor Starting and Control Primer: An introduction to the starting techniques and control of electric motors
Whether you are a busy electrical engineer who needs to refresh your knowledge of engine starting, a time-limited student new to the subject, or an interested layperson with an hour to spare, this book is the right place to start. Steven McFadyen shares his expert knowledge of engine starting in a clear, easy-to-understand manner without time-consuming paraphrases or self-serving discussions. Complete with wiring diagrams and thorough explanations of the most common engine starting techniques - and challenges - this book is a valuable reference. It has something for everyone who wants to learn new things while helping practical electrical engineers design and implement reliable and functional motor starters.
