Electric motors – How industrial components work
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors work by the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and the electric current in a coil of wire to produce a force in the form of torque applied to the motor shaft. Electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources such as batteries or rectifiers or by alternating current (AC) sources such as power grids, inverters or electrical generators. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but works with a reverse energy flow and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Electric motors can be classified according to aspects such as power source type, internal structure, application and motion output type. In addition to AC and DC types, motors can be brushless or brushed, can have different phases (see single-phase, two-phase or three-phase), and can be either air-cooled or liquid-cooled. Universal motors with standard dimensions and characteristics provide practical mechanical performance for industrial applications. The largest electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and storage pumping applications with outputs of up to 100 megawatts. Electric motors can be found in industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools and drives. Small motors can be found in electric clocks. Conversely, in certain applications, such as regenerative braking with traction motors, electric motors can be used as generators to recover energy that would otherwise be lost as heat and friction.
Electric motors produce linear or rotational force (torque) to drive an external mechanism such as a fan or elevator. An electric motor is generally designed for continuous rotation or for linear motion over a significant distance compared to its size. Magnetic solenoids are also transducers that convert electrical power into mechanical motion, but can only produce motion over a limited distance.
Electric motors are much more efficient than the other drive used in industry and transport, the internal combustion engine (ICE); Electric motors typically have an efficiency of over 95%, while internal combustion engines are well below 50%. They are also lighter, physically smaller, mechanically simpler and cheaper to build, can deliver instant and constant torque at any speed, can run on electricity from renewable sources, and do not emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. For these reasons, electric motors are replacing internal combustion engines in transportation and industry, although their use in vehicles is currently limited by the high cost and weight of batteries that can provide sufficient range between charges.
Further information about electric motors:
For engine inquiries and spare parts
https://www.unitecd.com/e-catalog/description-articles/?lingua=GB&category=Motor&prm=ric_ft
Buy books
Electric Motors and Drives: Fundamentals, Types and Applications
Best-selling reference book on electric motors and drives for non-specialists that closes the gap between mathematics and theory.
Mechanical Design of Electric Motors
Rapid increases in energy consumption and emphasis on environmental protection have presented challenges for the motor industry, as has the design and manufacture of highly efficient, reliable, cost-effective, energy-saving, quiet, precisely controlled and long-lasting electric motors.
Suitable for motor designers, engineers and manufacturers as well as maintenance personnel, undergraduate and graduate students, and academic researchers, Mechanical Design of Electric Motors provides comprehensive knowledge of modern electric motor design methods and developments. From engine classification to engine component design, model design, material and bearing selection, power losses, engine cooling, design integration, vibration and acoustic emissions, this comprehensive work covers the fundamentals, practical engineering and design-related issues, modeling and simulation, engineering analysis, manufacturing processes, testing procedures and performance characteristics of electric motors today.
With a focus on the mechanical design of modern electric motors, the book covers:
Details on the design and manufacturing of major components and subsystems such as rotors, shafts, stators and frames
Review of various cooling methods including forced ventilation, liquid and phase change
Discussion of the analysis and calculation of engine power losses
Dealing with engine vibration and sound emission problems
Presentation of technical analysis methods and case studies
Emphasis on design, optimization and applications
The work “Mechanical Design of Electric Motors
Mechanical Design of Electric Motors
The importance of electric motors is known in various engineering fields. The book provides comprehensive coverage of various types of electric motors including DC motors, three-phase and single-phase induction motors, synchronous motors, general purpose motors, AC servo motors, linear induction motors and stepper motors. The book covers all details of DC motors, including torque equation, back EMF, characteristics, starter types, speed control methods and applications.
The book also covers various testing methods for DC motors such as Swinburne's test, brake test, deceleration test, field test and Hopkinson's test. The book further explains three-phase induction motors in detail. It covers generation of rotating magnetic field, construction, operation, slip effect, torque equation, torque ratios, torque-slip characteristics, losses, power flow, equivalent circuit, effects of harmonics on performance, pie chart and applications. This chapter also includes the discussion of the induction generator. The book teaches various starting methods and speed control methods of three-phase induction motors. The book contains the explanation of various single phase induction motors. The chapter on synchronous motor provides a detailed discussion of construction, working principle, behavior under load, phase diagram analysis, Vee and inverse Vee curves, hunting, synchronous capacitor and applications. The book also teaches various special machines such as single phase commutator motors, general purpose motors, AC servo motors, linear induction motors and stepper motors. The book uses simple, understandable language to explain each topic. The book provides the logical method to explain various complex topics and step-by-step methods to facilitate understanding. Each chapter is supported by necessary illustrations, self-explanatory diagrams and a variety of solved tasks. The book explains the philosophy of the subject, which makes the understanding of the concepts very clear and makes the subject more interesting.
Motor Starting and Control Primer: An introduction to the starting techniques and control of electric motors
Whether you are a busy electrical engineer looking to refresh your knowledge of engine starting, a time-strapped student new to the subject, or an interested person with an hour to spare, this book is the right place to start. Steven McFadyen shares his expert knowledge of engine starting in a clear and accessible manner, without time-consuming paraphrases or stand-alone discussions. Complete with wiring diagrams and thorough explanations of the most common engine starting methods - and challenges - this book is an invaluable reference. It has something to offer for anyone who enjoys learning new things while helping practicing electrical engineers design and implement reliable and functional motor starters.
